完形填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面的短文,从短文所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。Foryearswehavebeentoldthatencouragingachild’sself-respectisimportanttohisorhersuccessinlife.__41__childexpertsarenowlearningthat__42__praisecanleadtotheoppositeeffect.Praise-aholic(受表扬上瘾的)kidswho__43__itateveryturnmaybecometeenswhotrytogetthesamekindof__44__fromfriendswhenaskediftheywanttogointhebackseatofthecar.Themeaningofsaying“Youarethe__45__girlinclass,”ortalkingaboutthegoalsshescoredbutnothergeneral__46__,isthatyouloveher__47__whenshelooksthebest,scoresthehighest,achievesthemost.Andthis__48__overtotheclassroom.SocialpsychologistCarrolDweck,PhD,testedtheeffectsofoverpraiseon400fifthgraders__49__shewasatColumbiaUniversity.Shefoundthatthekidswhowere__50__for“tryinghard”didbetterontestsandweremorelikelytotakeondifficulttasksthan__51__praisedforbeing“smart”.“Praisingqualitiesorabilitiesleadstoafalse__52__thatsuccesswillcometoyoubecauseyou__53__thatquality,anditdevalues(贬值)effort.__54__,childrenareafraidtotakeonchallenges,”saysDweck,nowatStanfordUniversity,“Theythinkthey’dbetter__55__whilethey’reahead.”小题1: